{"id":61,"date":"2026-07-14T16:33:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T16:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/?p=61"},"modified":"2026-07-14T16:34:51","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T16:34:51","slug":"one-of-these-faces-is-ai-can-you-identify-which","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/2026\/07\/14\/one-of-these-faces-is-ai-can-you-identify-which\/","title":{"rendered":"One of these faces is AI. Can you identify which?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Psychologist Dr Clare Sutherland is holding up two large photos. One shows the face of an Australian academic leading an international research study; the other is an AI-generated deepfake.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Artificial intelligence has become so adept at creating realistic images, it is increasingly hard to figure out what is real or not.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">But can people be trained to spot an image of a human that has actually been created by a machine?<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">That&#8217;s a question Sutherland, from the University of Aberdeen, and her Australian colleague have been examining.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">It used to be far easier to spot computer-generated visual creations &#8211; often used by fraudsters &#8211; because AI would make blunders, like adding an extra finger or something else that was obviously weird.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 TIwsv\">\n<div class=\"AsideBlock-styles__AsideBlockStickyStyled-sc-1d9f070e-0 Wojx\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">But AI learns from its mistakes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">&#8220;Training on visual artifacts, like looking for a sixth finger or odd earrings, has had limited success, partly because the AI is getting too good, and fraudsters may avoid using pictures with obvious flaws anyway,&#8221; explained Prof Amy Dawel.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">She is the woman with shoulder-length hair in the picture being held by Sutherland. The man&#8217;s image is the fake.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Dawel is the director of the Australian National University Emotions and Faces Lab.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">She has been leading a team of researchers in Australia, Canada and the UK to find out if people can be trained to rumble the AI imposters.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The answer, for now at least, is yes &#8211; but learning to spot an AI fake requires a more subtle approach.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"Headline-styles__HeadlineStyled-sc-6b3bb442-0 knYLIy\">Getting a feel for fakes<\/h2>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Sutherland is leading the UK-based\u00a0<a class=\"LinkUrl-styles__LinkUrlStyled-sc-f4e3b82f-0 eGAhOs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abdn.ac.uk\/news\/25840\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research at the University of Aberdeen.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">She said they had noticed they were getting a feel for which faces were real or AI just by looking at them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">&#8220;So we thought, OK, it would be really interesting to see if we could teach other people this too,&#8221; she said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">For the experiments a pool of thousands of AI-generated faces was created using an AI image tool called StyleGAN3, one of the most realistic face generators available.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Participants were tested before and after being given training<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"Headline-styles__HeadlineStyled-sc-6b3bb442-0 knYLIy\">What were they trained to look out for?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The researchers trained participants in the studies by drawing their attention to six perceptual qualities:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"List-styles__ListStyled-sc-70c6f140-0 gpSChY\">\n<li class=\"ListItem-styles__ListItemStyled-sc-cb54891-0 eHDLAF\"><b id=\"symmetry\" class=\"TextFragment-styles__TextFragmentStyled-sc-99e7c69b-0 jlzOpL\">Symmetry\u00a0<\/b>&#8211; AI often fails to recreate the quirks that make us human &#8211; a slightly drooping eyelid or a lop-sided smile. &#8220;If it&#8217;s too good to be true, it probably isn&#8217;t.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"List-styles__ListStyled-sc-70c6f140-0 gpSChY\">\n<li class=\"ListItem-styles__ListItemStyled-sc-cb54891-0 eHDLAF\"><b id=\"proportionality\" class=\"TextFragment-styles__TextFragmentStyled-sc-99e7c69b-0 jlzOpL\">Proportionality\u00a0<\/b>&#8211; A similar concept. Very large noses or protruding ears are not typical of deepfake images.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<ul class=\"List-styles__ListStyled-sc-70c6f140-0 gpSChY\">\n<li class=\"ListItem-styles__ListItemStyled-sc-cb54891-0 eHDLAF\"><b id=\"attractiveness\" class=\"TextFragment-styles__TextFragmentStyled-sc-99e7c69b-0 jlzOpL\">Attractiveness<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; &#8220;AI faces tend to look more attractive,&#8221; explains Sutherland. &#8220;That one is more subjective, an aesthetic judgement, but AI often creates faces that are pleasant looking.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"List-styles__ListStyled-sc-70c6f140-0 gpSChY\">\n<li class=\"ListItem-styles__ListItemStyled-sc-cb54891-0 eHDLAF\"><b id=\"distinctiveness\" class=\"TextFragment-styles__TextFragmentStyled-sc-99e7c69b-0 jlzOpL\">Distinctiveness<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; &#8220;That could be something like &#8216;what would make a face stand out in a crowd?&#8217; AI faces do tend to cluster towards the average. So they look a bit more generic.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"List-styles__ListStyled-sc-70c6f140-0 gpSChY\">\n<li class=\"ListItem-styles__ListItemStyled-sc-cb54891-0 eHDLAF\"><b id=\"expressiveness\" class=\"TextFragment-styles__TextFragmentStyled-sc-99e7c69b-0 jlzOpL\">Expressiveness<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; &#8220;AI faces tend to look less emotionally expressive&#8221;, says Sutherland. &#8220;They tend to show less emotion.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"List-styles__ListStyled-sc-70c6f140-0 gpSChY\">\n<li class=\"ListItem-styles__ListItemStyled-sc-cb54891-0 eHDLAF\"><b id=\"memorability\" class=\"TextFragment-styles__TextFragmentStyled-sc-99e7c69b-0 jlzOpL\">Memorability<\/b>\u00a0&#8211; &#8220;They often look less memorable &#8211; they&#8217;re difficult to remember.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">AI also tends to be less proficient at recreating non-white, older or younger faces because more of its training involves young white people.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Some of these tips might sound quite similar and &#8220;fuzzy&#8221; &#8211; but that&#8217;s the point.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Rarely will you encounter a surefire &#8220;tell&#8221; that will unmask an AI fake. Rather, it is about becoming attuned to their characteristics and developing a gut feeling.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Researchers found that by exposing people to images, both AI and real, then telling them which was which, they can get significantly better at it &#8211; even in the space of an hour or so.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 TIwsv\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The researchers found the participants would typically increase their accuracy score from about 40% to 80%.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">A few individuals achieved close to 100% accuracy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Ironically, what the human brain is doing here is similar to the way that generative AI models work.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Give them enough data to train on and, over time, their accuracy improves &#8211; even though we may not totally understand how they are doing it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The studies also looked at how confident the participants were at identifying the AI images.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Previous research had indicated people were overconfident that they could spot AI faces, with the most confident people making the most errors.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">After training, participants were found to have increased their confidence in spotting the deepfakes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">&#8220;That&#8217;s helpful right?&#8221; says Sutherland. &#8220;Because if you don&#8217;t know when you&#8217;re correct or not, you can&#8217;t really do anything with that information.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">OK, so are you ready to take another test?<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-d16fcddf-0 buYSAu\">\n<div class=\"Include-styles__IncludeWithScriptStyled-sc-a21331be-0 kHqyuU\" data-testid=\"include-with-script\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">How did you do? Feeling more confident?<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">If the answer is no, don&#8217;t beat yourself up over it. In both the human world and that of generative AI, practice makes perfect &#8211; or at least a bit closer to perfect.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">There are many websites out there where, if you so desire, you can hone your skills. You can also\u00a0<a class=\"LinkUrl-styles__LinkUrlStyled-sc-f4e3b82f-0 eGAhOs\" href=\"https:\/\/anu.au1.qualtrics.com\/jfe\/form\/SV_a3OP1Wjk1mLxk7Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">volunteer to take part in the research yourself.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"Headline-styles__HeadlineStyled-sc-6b3bb442-0 knYLIy\">Why does learning to spot an AI fake matter?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The obvious danger is fraud.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Global consultancy firm\u00a0<a class=\"LinkUrl-styles__LinkUrlStyled-sc-f4e3b82f-0 eGAhOs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/insights\/industry\/financial-services\/deepfake-banking-fraud-risk-on-the-rise.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deloitte has predicted that losses from AI deepfake scams<\/a>\u00a0in the US alone could rise to \u00a340bn next year, up from \u00a312bn in 2023.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The report cited the example of a scam where an employee at a Hong Kong-based firm transferred \u00a325m to fraudsters after a video call with a deepfake recreation of their boss.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Another sinister use of deepfake technology is political espionage.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">As long ago as 2019,\u00a0<a class=\"LinkUrl-styles__LinkUrlStyled-sc-f4e3b82f-0 eGAhOs\" href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/ap-top-news-artificial-intelligence-social-platforms-think-tanks-politics-bc2f19097a4c4fffaa00de6770b8a60d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an Associated Press investigation<\/a>\u00a0found that a LinkedIn profile &#8211; including a photo &#8211; belonging to a woman called Katie Jones appeared to be fictitious.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">Jones purported to be a Russia and Eurasia specialist with links to prominent Washington think tanks and policy circles.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The AP report claimed she was actually a deepfake produced by Russian intelligence who had successfully connected with top US political aides and national security officials.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"components-styles__CustomComponentStyled-sc-4e7abdf9-0 cYbKTM\" data-travelling-actions-obscures=\"true\"><\/figure>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">In Australia, a politician is currently\u00a0<a class=\"LinkUrl-styles__LinkUrlStyled-sc-f4e3b82f-0 eGAhOs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zalisteggall.com.au\/zali_steggall_mp_questions_the_prime_minister_on_truth_in_political_advertising_laws_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposing a requirement to disclose and &#8220;watermark&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0AI-generated political content.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"Container-styles__ContainerStyled-sc-8b855a6c-0 cPmzSx\" data-component=\"layout-block\">\n<div class=\"Grid-styles__GridStyled-sc-70d90311-0 hRsXiV\">\n<div class=\"GridItem-styles__GridItemStyled-sc-6cc20e4a-0 hUaOpu\">\n<div class=\"LayoutBlock-styles__LayoutBlockStyled-sc-f9c112e7-0 lfegSN\">\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">To be fair to AI, Sutherland also sees some positive uses of the technology &#8211; such as the ability to quickly and cheaply show how a long-missing child might look at various ages.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">She says that if people are &#8220;engaging with it in good faith and people know that AI has been used, it could potentially be very useful for creative acts&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">So the good news is that we&#8217;re yet not living in a dystopian world where it&#8217;s impossible to tell what&#8217;s real and what&#8217;s computer-generated.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Paragraph-styles__ParagraphStyled-sc-ffb5f5ba-0 fqhmpl\">The bad news is that AI models may have already &#8220;read&#8221; the published academic research papers. And it&#8217;s learning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychologist Dr Clare Sutherland is holding up two large photos. One shows the face of an Australian academic leading an international research study; the other is an AI-generated deepfake. Artificial intelligence has become so adept at creating realistic images, it is increasingly hard to figure out what is real or not. But can people be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":62,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai","category-tech"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63,"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61\/revisions\/63"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/essienarthur.net\/daviedan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}